FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION IN POST–EUROMAIDAN UKRAINE EXTERNAL AGGRESSION, INTERNAL CHALLENGES

Over the past 25 years since its independence from the Soviet Union, Ukraine has experienced both periods of authoritarianism, marked by the curtailing of civil and political rights, and more liberal periods. Despite significant improvements, democracy in Ukraine remains a ‘work–in–progress’ and, among other things, severe challenges to the enjoyment of the right to free expression remain. These include the use of the media to foster political interests and agendas; delays in reforming state–owned media; and intimidation and attacks on journalists followed by impunity for the perpetrators. On the other hand, public criticism is growing, albeit slowly, including demands for more transparent and unbiased journalism.

Overall, Ukraine’s transformation towards becoming a genuinely free society remains fragile in light of both external influences and the legacies of the old system. A key challenge in this regard will be to maintain its obligations to respect, protect and promote the freedom of expression and the linguistic rights of its diverse communities.